How Backstroke Turns and Finishes Work Explainer
Backstroke swimmers normally remain on the back throughout each length, with limited rotation allowed within the rules. As the swimmer approaches a turn, the shoulders may rotate past vertical toward the breast. That rotation permits a continuous single-arm or simultaneous double-arm pull to initiate the turn.
Once the swimmer has turned toward the breast, the movement into the wall must remain part of a continuous turning action. The swimmer must touch the wall with some part of the body before pushing off. Delaying, gliding, or adding unrelated strokes after the turn begins can produce a disqualification.
After leaving the wall, the swimmer must return to a position on the back, though underwater dolphin kicking is allowed within the distance limit that applies after starts and turns. The head must break the surface by the required mark, normally 15 metres.
The finish is different from a turn. The swimmer must touch the wall while still on the back and may not rotate onto the breast simply to reach. Officials watch shoulder position, the continuity of the turn, the wall touch, and the resurfacing point as separate parts of the race.
Yes, as part of a continuous turning action.
Yes, with some part of the body at every turn.
No. The finish touch must be made while on the back.
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