Giannina Segnini, 2013

“The biggest criminals write laws that make their crimes legal.”

The force of Giannina Segnini’s words comes from the record behind them. Data journalist Giannina Segnini summarized a recurring obstacle in corruption reporting: conduct may be formally authorized while remaining designed to divert public resources or hide conflicts of interest. Her work has combined data analysis with traditional source reporting. In that setting, the quotation identifies legal structures that can conceal wrongdoing as a practical newsroom problem rather than an abstract ideal. It asks readers to consider both the information that survived and the knowledge that intimidation was designed to remove from public view.

There is an ethical caution inside the statement as well. Courage does not excuse weak attribution, reckless exposure of a source, or a conclusion broader than the evidence. At the same time, demands for impossible certainty can be used to suppress well-supported reporting. The responsible balance is to publish what can be established, describe the limits honestly, and continue reporting. That approach honors Giannina Segnini’s experience without turning suffering into a substitute for proof.

A newsroom can translate that principle into method. It should read statutes beside contracts and company records, show who benefits, distinguish illegality from abuse, and connect data patterns to verified human consequences. Editors also need a written risk assessment, a source-protection plan, and a record of which claims were independently corroborated. Those steps make the article stronger without pretending that procedure eliminates danger. They create an audit trail that another reporter can examine if access is cut off, a device is seized, or the original journalist can no longer continue the assignment.

Its present relevance is not limited to Costa Rica. Digital distribution can widen an investigation’s reach while exposing reporters and sources to new forms of tracing, harassment, and manufactured doubt. Editors need secure communication, careful metadata handling, legal preparation, and transparent correction policies. Above all, they should continue the underlying inquiry when a journalist is targeted. That is how Giannina Segnini’s insight about legal structures that can conceal wrongdoing becomes a living standard for public-interest news. A high-quality account should return to the story after the immediate controversy, compare promised reforms with observable results, and tell readers which questions remain unanswered. That follow-up prevents a memorable quotation from replacing the harder work of accountability. It should also distinguish later evidence from what was known at the time, so readers can see how the public record developed rather than receiving a flattened retrospective. When new facts change the interpretation, the update belongs beside the original account with a clear explanation of why the conclusion moved.